Spinal tumors are abnormal growths that develop within or around the spinal cord and vertebrae. Although some are benign, others can be malignant or cause significant damage by compressing nerves, weakening the spine, or disrupting normal neurological function. These tumors may originate in the spine or spread there from other parts of the body. Regardless of type, their presence can lead to back pain, numbness, weakness, or even loss of bladder or bowel control—symptoms that demand prompt attention.
Early detection is essential. The sooner a spinal tumor is identified, the more treatment options are available to preserve neurological function and stabilize the spine. Dr. Todd Lanman brings decades of experience in diagnosing and treating complex spinal conditions, including tumors. With access to advanced imaging, minimally invasive techniques, and personalized treatment planning, Dr. Lanman offers a level of care designed to maximize outcomes while minimizing disruption to your daily life. In this article, you will learn how spinal tumors are identified, what treatment options exist, and when to seek expert evaluation.
What Are Spinal Tumors?
Spinal tumors are abnormal tissue growths that develop in or around the spinal cord, spinal nerves, or vertebrae. These tumors can occur within the spinal cord itself (intramedullary), in the membranes surrounding the spinal cord (intradural-extramedullary), or outside the dura but within the spine (extradural). Their location determines how they affect the spinal structures and which symptoms may develop. Some tumors remain stable over time, while others grow aggressively and interfere with nerve function or spinal stability.
Spinal tumors are classified as either primary or secondary. Primary spinal tumors originate in the spine or spinal cord, and while some may be malignant, many are benign. Examples include meningiomas, schwannomas, and ependymomas. Secondary spinal tumors, or metastatic tumors, spread to the spine from other parts of the body—most commonly the breast, lung, or prostate. These tumors are more likely to be malignant and may cause rapid neurological decline. Understanding the type and origin of the tumor is essential for guiding treatment and determining prognosis.
Spinal Tumor Causes
The causes of spinal tumors vary depending on whether the tumor is primary or metastatic (secondary). Primary spinal tumors may develop spontaneously, but certain genetic conditions—such as neurofibromatosis type 2 or von Hippel-Lindau disease—increase the risk of specific tumor types. These inherited syndromes can cause tumors to form along the spinal cord or nerves and are often diagnosed in younger individuals. Other primary tumors may arise without a known genetic link, and research continues to explore how mutations in cellular DNA may trigger abnormal growth.
Environmental exposures and underlying medical conditions can also play a role. Radiation exposure, either from prior cancer treatment or environmental sources, has been associated with an increased risk of spinal tumors. Secondary, or metastatic, spinal tumors are far more common and typically result from the spread of cancer from another part of the body. Cancers of the lung, breast, prostate, kidney, and thyroid frequently metastasize to the spine. In these cases, early recognition of spinal involvement is critical to preserving function and controlling disease progression.
Spinal Tumor Symptoms
Spinal tumors can produce a wide range of symptoms, depending on their location, size, and whether they compress surrounding nerves or spinal structures. One of the most common early signs is localized back or neck pain that does not improve with rest and may worsen at night. As the tumor grows, it can press on nearby nerve roots or the spinal cord itself, leading to radiating pain that travels into the arms, legs, or chest. This pain may feel sharp, burning, or electric, and often follows a nerve distribution.
Neurological symptoms often develop as the tumor impairs normal nerve function. These can include numbness, tingling, or a “pins and needles” sensation in the extremities. Muscle weakness may affect your ability to walk, grip objects, or maintain balance. In more advanced cases, you may notice difficulty with coordination, changes in gait, or problems with bowel or bladder control. Tumors located in the cervical spine can disrupt arm and hand function, while those in the lumbar spine often affect the legs and lower body.
Because symptoms may mimic more common spine conditions, such as herniated discs or spinal stenosis, spinal tumors are sometimes overlooked. However, persistent or progressively worsening symptoms—especially those involving weakness, sensory loss, or impaired mobility—should prompt immediate evaluation. Early diagnosis is critical to preserving neurological function and expanding treatment options. Dr. Lanman encourages patients to seek expert consultation at the first sign of concerning symptoms.
Spinal Tumor Diagnosis
Diagnosing a spinal tumor begins with a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Dr. Lanman will perform a detailed physical examination and a neurological assessment to evaluate your reflexes, muscle strength, coordination, and sensation. These tests help identify signs of spinal cord or nerve compression and guide further diagnostic steps. A thorough review of your symptoms and medical history also provides essential context, especially if there is a known history of cancer or a genetic condition associated with spinal tumors.
Imaging plays a central role in confirming the diagnosis and defining the tumor’s location, size, and relationship to surrounding structures. X-rays may show changes in the vertebrae but are limited in their ability to visualize soft tissues. Computed tomography (CT) scans offer more detail of the bony anatomy and can detect subtle erosion or structural instability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive tool for evaluating spinal tumors, providing high-resolution images of the spinal cord, nerves, and surrounding soft tissues. In some cases, contrast-enhanced imaging or a biopsy may be required to determine the tumor’s nature and guide treatment planning.
Spinal Tumor Treatment Options
Treatment for spinal tumors depends on the type, location, and aggressiveness of the tumor, as well as your overall health and neurological status. Dr. Lanman develops personalized treatment plans that consider all these factors to ensure the most effective and least disruptive approach.
Surgical removal is often recommended when the tumor causes significant spinal cord compression, neurological deficits, or structural instability. In many cases, Dr. Lanman uses minimally invasive techniques to reduce recovery time and preserve spinal function while achieving maximal tumor resection.
In addition to surgery, radiation therapy may be used to shrink tumors or prevent regrowth—especially for tumors that are not amenable to complete surgical removal. Stereotactic radiosurgery, a highly focused form of radiation, can precisely target tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
Chemotherapy may be appropriate for tumors that are part of a systemic cancer or known to respond to specific drug regimens. Every treatment plan is tailored to the individual, balancing tumor control with quality of life and functional preservation. Working with oncologists and other cancer-treating specialist, Dr. Lanman ensures that you receive comprehensive care that addresses both the tumor and its impact on spinal and neurological health.
Recovery and Long-Term Management
Recovery from spinal tumor treatment varies depending on the type of tumor, the extent of surgery, and your overall health. In the immediate postoperative period, you may experience soreness, fatigue, or temporary limitations in mobility. These typically improve with time and supportive care. Dr. Lanman closely monitors your progress during this phase to ensure proper healing and to address any complications early. Most patients begin light activity within days of surgery and gradually increase their activity level under medical supervision.
Rehabilitation and physical therapy are essential to long-term recovery. A targeted therapy program helps restore strength, improve balance, and retrain the nervous system following tumor removal or spinal decompression. Long-term management often includes routine imaging to monitor for tumor recurrence, along with neurological evaluations to track functional stability. Dr. Lanman also works with your oncology team when additional treatment—such as radiation or systemic therapy—is needed. Through personalized follow-up care and ongoing support, you can maintain spinal health and optimize your quality of life after treatment.
Why Choose Dr. Todd Lanman for Spinal Tumors?
Dr. Todd Lanman is a globally recognized leader in spinal care with decades of experience treating complex spinal conditions, including tumors that affect the spinal cord and vertebrae. As a board-certified neurosurgeon and innovator in motion-preserving techniques, Dr. Lanman offers patients access to the most advanced diagnostic tools and treatment options available. From minimally invasive surgery to precisely targeted therapies, his approach is rooted in the latest medical science and tailored to maximize both tumor control and functional recovery.
What truly sets Dr. Lanman apart is his commitment to personalized, patient-centered care. He takes the time to understand your symptoms, medical history, and long-term goals before developing a customized treatment plan. Throughout your care, Dr. Lanman provides clear guidance, compassionate support, and ongoing follow-up to ensure that you are informed and confident at every stage of your treatment journey. Choosing Dr. Lanman means placing your spine—and your future—in expert hands.
FAQs About Spinal Tumors
What are the first signs of a spinal tumor?
The first signs often include persistent back or neck pain that worsens over time or at night. Other early symptoms may include numbness, tingling, weakness, or difficulty walking if the tumor compresses spinal nerves or the spinal cord.
Can spinal tumors be benign?
Yes. Many spinal tumors are benign, such as meningiomas, schwannomas, and ependymomas. While not cancerous, benign tumors can still cause significant symptoms by pressing on spinal structures.
How quickly do spinal tumor symptoms develop?
Symptoms may develop gradually over weeks to months, but some tumors—especially metastatic or aggressive ones—can cause rapid neurological decline. The rate of progression depends on the tumor’s type, location, and growth rate.
What are the treatment options for a benign spinal tumor?
Benign spinal tumors may be treated with observation, surgical removal, or radiation therapy, depending on their size, location, and impact on neurological function. Dr. Lanman often uses minimally invasive techniques when surgery is indicated.
What is the survival rate for spinal tumors?
Survival rates vary widely based on the tumor type, location, and whether it is benign or malignant. Benign tumors generally have an excellent prognosis after removal. Malignant tumors require more aggressive treatment, and outcomes depend on factors such as tumor origin, response to therapy, and the patient’s overall health.
If you are experiencing persistent back pain or neurological symptoms, it is crucial to seek prompt medical attention. Contact Dr. Lanman today to schedule a consultation and receive expert evaluation and personalized care.
